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weight and performance calculations for the Nieuport 12C.2 (bis)
Nieuport 12C.2 (bis)
role : multi role combat aircraft
importance : ***
first flight : operational : February 1916
country : France
design : Gustave Delage
production : unknown
general information : more powerful version
users : France
crew : 2
armament : 1 fixed 7.70 [mm] (0.303 in) Lewis machine-gun on top plane
and 1 movable 7.70 [mm] (0.303 in) Lewis machine-gun for the observer
engine : 1 Clerget 9B air-cooled 9 -cylinder two-valve rotary engine 130 [hp](95.6 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 9.03 [m], length : 7.3 [m], height : 2.57[m]
wing area : 22.0 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 920 [kg]
empty weight operational : 0 [kg] bombload : 40 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 155 [km/hr] at sea-level
service ceiling : 4700 [m]
endurance : 2.8 [hours]
estimated action radius : 192 [km]
description :
1-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
upper wing 2 spars, lower wing single spar
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.63 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.73 [m]
angle of attack prop : 17.81 [ ]
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1250 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 2.07 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 184 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.22 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.37 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 7.41 []
estimated gap : 1.41 [m]
gap/chord : 1.16 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 169 [m^3]
This could also be a Nieuport 12A.2, given the open engine cowling. It is not easy to see the difference betwwen a A.2 and a C.2.
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 6.0 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 29.1 [kg/hr] (39.7 [litre/hr]) at 65 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 4.80 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 124 [litre] (91 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 173.0 [kg] = 1.81 [kg/KW]
weight 25 litre oil tank : 3.1 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.7 litre oil : 0.6 [kg]
oil in engine 1 litre oil : 0.5 [kg]
fuel in engine 1 litre fuel : 0.5 [kg]
weight 17 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 1.7 [kg]
weight cowling 3.8 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 19.0 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 199 [kg](21.6 [%])
***************************************************************
fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 6.46 [cm]): 78 [kg]
bracing : 4.0 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 10.1 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 3.2 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 5.7 [kg]
weight seats : 6.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
weight bomb storage : 2.8 [kg]
weight Doran/Lafay bomb sight : 1.5 [kg]
weight 107 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 10.3 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 5 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 121 [kg](13.2 [%])
***************************************************************
Le Nieuport 12 bis n° 1596 baptisé "Toc-Toc" de l'équipage composé de l'Adj Roger Thuau (N 62) et du Ltt Jean Billon (obs C 43) de l'escadrille N 62 a été capturé dans les environs de Villers-Carbonnel (80), le 10 octobre 1916 - Le pilote a été blessé de deux balles au pied gauche et à l'épaule droite et l'observateur tué d'une balle à la tête - Au moment où cette photo a été prise, le pilote a été évacué pour recevoir des soins et l'observateur, sorti de la carlingue par les Allemands, git dans l'herbe - Son corps est marqué d'une croix - Notez les marquages de cet appareil, entoilage argenté, le coq de la pièce de 20 fr or dans sa variante multicolore, le nom de baptéme "Toc-Toc" et la casserole d'hélice - Le numéro d'identification est soit le "3" ou le "7" - Il ne s'agit donc pas de l'appareil normalement affecté à l'Adj Thuau - Cliquez sur l'image pour l'agrandir - Photo collection Albin Denis.
weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 14 [kg]
total weight ribs (62 ribs) : 55 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 944.1 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 303.5 [N]
total weight 6.0 spars : 44 [kg]
weight wings : 113 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 5.13 [kg]
weight 4 interplane struts & cabane : 11.7 [kg]
weight cables (45 [m]) : 4.1 [kg] (= 93 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 3.9 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (0.9 [m2]) : 5.0 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (2.5 [m2]): 12.9 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 147 [kg] (15.9 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 25.4 [kg]
weight pivot mounting mg :6.0 [kg]
weight quadrant mounting and Bowden cable : 1.5 [kg]
weight armament : 33 [kg]
********************************************************************
wheel pressure : 460.0 [kg]
weight 2 wheels (700 [mm] by 82 [mm]) : 23.0 [kg]
weight tailskid : 2.5 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 22.2 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 47.7 [kg] (5.2 [%]
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Nieuport 12s built by Beardmore used by the Royal Flying Corps were sometimes fitted with a Scarff ring instead of the Nieuport ring, and a synchronized Vickers gun for the pilot. Additional modifications were made to those built by Beardmore.
********************************************************************
calculated empty weight : 548 [kg](59.5 [%])
weight oil for 3.3 hours flying : 19.9 [kg]
weight 5 drums empty : 1.0 [kg]
weight ammunition (470 rounds) : 13.9 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
*******************************************************************
calculated operational weight empty : 583 [kg] (63.3 [%])
estimated operational weight empty : 556 [kg] (60.4 [%])
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weight crew : 162 [kg]
weight fuel for 2.0 hours flying : 58 [kg]
********************************************************************
operational weight : 803 [kg](87.2 [%])
bomb load : 40 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 843 [kg]
weight transceiver : 27 [kg]
operational weight FAC RT mission : 830 [kg]
fuel reserve : 33 [kg] enough for 1.12 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 58 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 920 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 920 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (operational without bombload) : 8.39 [kg/kW]
total power : 95.6 [kW] at 1250 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 2.0 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.75 [g] ultimate load : 5.6 [g] load factor : 2.3 [g]
design flight time : 2.20 [hours]
design cycles : 443 sorties, design hours : 975 [hours]
operational wing loading : 370 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 216 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.19 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 12.47 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 2.60 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.32 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0069 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0559 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0490 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 81 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 97 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) : 106 [km/hr] at 2350 [m](power :48 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 120 [km/hr] at 2350 [m] (power:54 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 97.1 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 140 [km/hr] op 2350 [m] (power:67 [%])
design speed prop : 147 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 155 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:99 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 220 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 251 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 8.65 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 5150 [m] with flying weight :663 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight) : 4000 [m] with flying weight :803 [kg] line 3385
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 3325 [m] with flying weight :891 [kg]
published ceiling (4700 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 7.79 [min]
climb to 3000m (without bombload) : 20.46 [min]
max. dive speed : 356.4 [km/hr] at 2325 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 1.75 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 69 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 13.9 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 3.12 [hours] with 2 crew and 85 [kg] useful (bomb)load and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 2.75 [hours] with 2 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 96 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 373 [km] with 2 crew and 20[kg] photo camera or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 388 [litre] fuel : 1364 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 180 [kg]
production : 25.13 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 1.40 [kg]
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Literature :
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 1 page 141
Fighters 1914-19 page 59
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
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(c) B van der Zalm 23 March 2020 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4